Plastic degradation methods

Three mental run methods were built in this cogitation technology to describe the lowering of the load plate in marine climate. The goal was to develop a test run technique for assessing physical and biological destruction of different ecosystems where plastic waste can be collected in the ocean as littered.

Previously, Reoceanrch has focused mainly on the conditions encountered by plastic point when Nation in the sea water (pelagic domain). However, this is just one of the possible habitats that plastic waste can be exposed to.

Waves and tide tend to wash up plastic waste on the shoreline, which is also a relevant habitat to be studied. Therefore, the degradation of plastic items buried under backbone kept moisture with sea water has been followed by verifying the disintegration (visual disappearing) as a computer simulation of the tidal zone . Most biodegradable plastics have higher densities than water and also as a result of fouling, they tend to sink and lay on the sea trading floor-ing .

Therefore, the fate of plastic items lying on the sediment has been followed by monitoring the oxygen consumption (bio degradation). Also the effect of a prolonged exposure to the sea water, to simulate the pelagic domain, has been tryout ed by measuring the decay of mechanical property .

The test cloth (Mater-Bismuth ) was shown to degrade (total disintegration achieved in less than 9 months) when buried in wet backbone (simulation test of the tidal zone), to lose mechanical properties but still maintain integrity (tensile strength at break = −66% in II years) when exposed to sea water in an aquarium (simulation of pelagic domain), and substantially biodegrade (69% in 236 days; biodegradation relative to paper: 88%) when located at the sediment/sea water interface (simulation of benthic domain).

This study is not conclusive as the methodological approach must be completed by also determining degradation occurring in the supralittoral zone, on the deep sea floor, and in the anoxic sediment.

We are not aware of degradation test method acting acting s simulating the conditions found at the supralittoral, the eulittoral, the sublittoral, the deep sea , where charge card is exposed to the deposit -water system port , or buried in the deposit .

In this paper we propose a comprehensive test approach based on the simulation of the habitat mentioned above (see verbal description on Frame 1). We have identified the following six test method needed to characterize the degradation behavior of charge card in six different leatherneck habitat .

(A). Test method to mensuration the degradation of charge card sample distribution in the pelagic domain: charge plate sampling are exposed to free sea water.

(B). Test method to standard the degradation of charge card sample in eulittoral geographical zona : plastic sample distribution get partly buried in this zone and are kept wet by tidal inundation and waves.

(C). Test method to measure the degradation of plastic samples on sandy sublittoral zone: plastic photographic film settle on marine sandy sediment where they are exposed to the sea water/sediment interface.

(D). Test method to measure the degradation of plastic samples on sandy supralittoral zone: the plastic Cartesian product s washed by waves in the supralittoral zone, are exposed to a sandy soil with a low moisture level.

(E). Test method to measure the degradation of plastic samples on the bottom of the deep sea: the credit card products littered by ship when in blue water could reach the bottom of the sea in the non-photic zone. Pressure and conditions are extreme point .

(F). Test method to measure the degradation of plastic samples when buried by sediment : Sea currents can carry the sediment and slowly bury the plastic product settled on the sea floor. Conditions in the sediment below the interface sediment/water are anaerobic.

In this preliminary study test method acting A and B have been developed to measure the physical degradation while test method C has been developed to measure the biodegradation of plastic material settled on the sandy sublittoral zone.